Although the American-English spelling system has advanced from many sources, there are particular patterns which can be well-worth studying. These spelling patterns, or spelling guidelines, all have exceptions; nevertheless, they're minimal. It is the to the last degree bit multiplication environment friendly to memorise the rule, fairly than all the exceptions. In baseball, batters are taught to "look for the fastball, and adjust for the curve." The identical is true inside the American-English spelling system. The following are the important matter spelling guidelines that work mostly inside the American-English spelling system.
1. The i earlier than e Rule
Usually spell i earlier than e (imagine), yet spell e earlier than i after a c (obtain) and when the letters are pronounced as an extended /a/ sound (neighbor).
2. The Final y Rule
Keep the y when including an ending if the phrase ends in a vowel, then a y (delay-delayed), or if the ending begins with an i (copy-copying). Change the y to i when including an ending if the phrase ends in a consonant, then a y (pretty-prettiest).
3. The Silent e Rule
Drop the e (have-having) on the finish of a syllable if the ending begins with a vowel. Keep the e (close-closely) when the ending begins with a consonant, has a tender /c/ or /g/ sound, then an "ous" or "able" (peaceful, attractive), or if it ends in "ee", "oe", or "ye" (freedom, shoeing, eyeing).
4. The Double the Consonant Rule
Double the consonant, when including on an ending (permitted), if all three of those circumstances are met: 1. the final syllable has the accent (per / mit) 2. the final syllable ends in a vowel, then a consonant (allow). 3. the ending you add begins with a vowel (ed).
5. The Ending "an" or "en" Rule
End a phrase with "ance", "ancy", or "ant" (emptiness, conceitedness) if the basis earlier than has a tough /c/ or /g/ sound or if the basis ends with "ear" or "ure" (clearance, insurance coverage). End a phrase with "ence", "ency", or "ent" if the basis earlier than has a tender /c/ or /g/ sound (magnificent, emergency), after "id" (residence), or if the basis ends with "ere" (reverence).
6. The "able" or "ible" Rule
End a phrase with "able" if the basis earlier than has a tough /c/ or /g/ sound (despicable, navigable), after an entire root phrase (teachable), or after a silent e (likeable). End a phrase with "ible" if the basis has a tender /c/ or /g/ sound (reducible, legible), after an "ss" (admissible), or after an incomplete root phrase (audible).
7. The Ending "ion" Rule
Spell "sion" (phantasm) for the ultimate zyun sound or the ultimate shun sound (expulsion, compassion) if after an l or s. Spell "cian" (musician) for an individual and "tion" (situation) in most all different instances.
8. The Plurals Rule
Spell plural nouns with an s (dog-dogs), even people who finish in y (day-days) or people who finish in a vowel, then an o (stereo-stereos). Spell "es" after the sounds of /s/, /x/, /z/, /ch/, or /sh/ (box-boxes) or after a consonant, then an o (potato-potatoes). Change the y to i and add "es" when the phrase ends in a consonant, then a y (ferry-ferries). Change the "fe" or "lf" ending to "ves" (knife-knives, shelf-shelves).
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